| Annual | A plant that completes its life cycle in one growing season. |
| Biennial | A plant that usually grows leaves the first season and flowers the second. |
| Perennial | A plant that lives for more than two years. |
| Angiosperm | A flowering plant with seeds enclosed in fruit or similar structures. |
| Gymnosperm | A seed plant without enclosed seeds, including conifers and cycads. |
| Epiphyte | A plant that grows on another plant or surface without parasitizing it. |
| Rhizome | A horizontal underground or surface stem that can produce shoots and roots. |
| Bulb | A storage organ made of layered modified leaves around a growing point. |
| Corm | A solid swollen stem base used for storage. |
| Tuber | A swollen stem or root used for storage, such as potato. |
| Caudex | A swollen stem or root base that stores water or nutrients. |
| Variegation | Leaf color patterning caused by different pigments or tissue types. |
| Dormancy | A rest period when growth slows or stops. |
| Hardiness | A plant’s ability to survive cold or other climate extremes. |
| Full sun | Six or more hours of direct outdoor sun. |
| Bright indirect light | Strong light without direct harsh sun, common near indoor windows. |
| Well-drained soil | Soil or substrate that holds moisture but does not stay waterlogged. |
| Crown | The growing point where roots and shoots meet. |
| Node | A stem point where leaves, buds, roots, or branches can emerge. |
| Cultivar | A cultivated variety selected for specific traits. |